Genomics is the science of understanding structure, function, and evolution of genomes in all forms of life. It is an application of genomic data using biotechnologies, to solve challenging problems of biology and medicine. Genomics in Bioinformatics have concentrated on few of the model organisms, and the analysis of regulatory systems. Structural genomics discusses structures of the protein products of genomes, by revealing similarities to proteins of known structure. The current interest of research community lies in getting complete genome sequences for different organisms. As a Landmark achievement of completion of HGP-Human Genome Project, which sequence all the present genes of human DNA. Apart from this, completely sequenced genomes comprehensive data is freely available for the whole researcher’s community on GOLD-Genomes On-Line Database; where as NCBI Entrez Genome Project gives organism specific searchable databases for complete and incomplete genomes.

Comparative genomics plays a significant goal in the post-human genome sequencing era, to transmit the annotated genome sequence to the physiological functions of a cell. In silico metabolic pathway reconstruction, metabolic pathway comparison, pathway based analysis of expression data, using software such as Pathway based Analysis and Gene Expression analysis Tools and KEGG-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes system, scientists are able to validate functional annotation, identification of novel pathways, identification of probable drug targets and metabolic pathway engineering for better processes.

Functional genomics approaches involving the use of large-scale and/or high-throughput methods to understand function and expressions of major biomolecules. Identification of genes causing disease conditions and complex traits, including responses to drugs and other xenobiotics comprise as the most significant area of functional genomics research. All kind of post genome sequencing analysis such as mutation or polymorphism, and understanding gene and protein function & interaction at molecular level is relevant from the pharmacogenomics or proteomics point of view. UniProt/Swiss-Prot is a curated protein sequence database with high level of annotation description of the function of a protein, its domains structure, post-translational modifications, variants, integration with other databases and minimum level of redundancy.